• We hypothesize that both IGF dependent kinase activation

  2019-09-17

  

  We hypothesize that both IGF-1-dependent kinase activation and locally synthesized neuroestrogens interactively regulate estrogen receptor activity in neuronal LCQ-908 clinical in the absence of exogenously applied estradiol. The Neuro-2A cell line was chosen as the model system for these studies b

• Another interesting finding from the present study is that s

  2019-09-17

  

  Another interesting finding from the present study is that silencing of ERRγ suppressed the expression of HSD17B1 in extravillous trophoblasts. HSD17B1 is a key enzyme in regulating estrogen activity and has been shown to promote the proliferation and migration of estrogen-dependent breast cancer re

• br Results br Discussion PKR is activated by viral dsRNA

  2019-09-17

  

  Results Discussion PKR is activated by viral dsRNA and exerts its antiviral effect through phosphorylation of eIF2a. Because eIF2a phosphorylation leads to attenuation of protein synthesis, many viruses have evolved mechanisms to block or suppress PKR activation. Some viruses use alternative t

• br Conflicts of interest br Introduction G protein coupled r

  2019-09-17

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), form the largest human membrane protein family, with 800 members overall. Many druggable targets for treatment of common diseases involve GPCRs that mediate therapeutic effects of 34% of all marketed drugs (Hauser, Attwood

• cGAS has a central role in STING

  2019-09-17

  

  cGAS has a central role in STING activation after DNA sensing, but it is unknown if most of the DNA sensors act independently or in cooperation with the cGAS-cGAMP pathway. This was addressed for IFI16 (Almine et al., 2017, Jønsson et al., 2017) and PQBP1 (Yoh et al., 2015) but remains to be tested

• br General Characteristics of the Type II Dehydrogenases

  2019-09-17

  

  General Characteristics of the Type II Dehydrogenases Alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases conduct the reaction of the rotenone-insensitive oxidation of cytosolic and mitochondrial matrix NADH and/or NADPH (Fig. 1) (Melo et al., 2004, Rasmusson et al., 2004, Rasmusson et al., 2008). They catalyze t

• Although intact Chk is distributed throughout the nucleus an

  2019-09-17

  

  Although intact Chk is distributed throughout the nucleus and the cytoplasm (Fig. 1), the deletion of the SH2 domain greatly augments nuclear localization of Chk. The SH2 domain-deleted mutants might lose the ability to localize to the exterior of the nucleus due to a lack of the binding to a hypoth

• The proliferation of CCA cell lines can be stimulated

  2019-09-16

  

  The proliferation of CCA cell lines can be stimulated by estrogen and other growth factors (Alvaro et al., 2006; DeMorrow, 2009; Mancino et al., 2009). It has also been reported that estrogen positively modulates cholangiocyte proliferation, which is associated with cholangiopathies found in humans

• In some of our studies we examined the occurrence

  2019-09-16

  

  In some of our studies we examined the occurrence of ERβ and SHBG and a possible colocalization between them. Fig. 5 shows that there is no big difference in the occurence of ERβ after short time (A) as well as long time (B) treatment with E2. We can find the receptor at the cell membrane as well as

• BMS 753 Estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women

  2019-09-16

  

  Estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women requires combination with a progestogen in order to prevent endometrial stimulation. This is not necessary, however, with tibolone as progestogenic activity is associated with its Δ4-metabolite that is formed in the liver, as well as locally in the endometr

• br Conclusions We can conclude

  2019-09-16

  

  Conclusions We can conclude that Arg293 is important but not indispensable for MeGlcA recognition by EcXyn30A since the R293A variant still retains activity and preference for MeGlcA-substituted substrates. The substrate specificity of GH30_8 glucuronoxylanases is most probably determined by an o

• To explore the mechanism behind differential activation

  2019-09-16

  

  To explore the mechanism behind differential activation kinetics, Marcott et al. (2018) manipulate local dopamine dynamics. They show that differences in dopamine concentrations are not responsible for different D2R activation kinetics, since D2-IPSCs reach similar amplitudes at different rates in N

• br Discussion The biochemical separation of exonuclease acti

  2019-09-16

  

  Discussion The biochemical separation of exonuclease activity from DNA-PK dependent endonuclease activity reported in this manuscript is consistent with genetic separation of Artemis enzymatic activity. Mutations in the protein which result in disruption of endonuclease activity have no effect on

• br Acknowledgements This work was

  2019-09-16

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by a Grant for the Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities S1101017 organized by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), Japan and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP22560209 and JP5K05842. The

• The phenotypes of KD Ddr transgenic mice were less severe

  2019-09-16

  

  The phenotypes of KD-Ddr2 transgenic mice were less severe than expected from the results of miDdr2-transfected ATDC5 cells, which indicated that DDR2 might play important roles in endochondral ossification but neither critical nor essential roles in determining total body and skeleton size. The gr

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