• The transport of glutamate by EAAT from

  2022-06-24

  

  The transport of glutamate by EAAT2 from the extracellular fluid into either astrocytes or endothelial cells is an unfavorable and energy-consuming process. This energy is provided by a coupled co-transport of three sodium ions, one proton, and one glutamate molecule in the counter-transport of one

• br Acknowledgments The financial support

  2022-06-24

  

  Acknowledgments The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31460422 and 31060210), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, China (20171BAB204029 and 20143ACB20006), the Project of Science and Technology of Jiangxi Provincial Education Department,

• Considering the fact that NADPH

  2022-06-24

  

  Considering the fact that NADPH oxidase is the main source for paraquat and maneb-induced oxidative stress, we hypothesized that NADPH oxidase activation might contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by paraquat and maneb through ferroptosis. To test our hypothesis, we investigated the

• DAMPs are endogenous danger signals that can initiate

  2022-06-24

  

  DAMPs are endogenous danger signals that can initiate and perpetuate a noninfectious latanoprost synthesis during cell death [23]. HMGB1 is a well-studied nuclear DAMP in various types of regulated necrosis and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of infection and sterile inflammation. Our curre

• Previous studies have shown that ox LDL induced hepatic sinu

  2022-06-24

  

  Previous studies have shown that ox-LDL-induced hepatic sinus dysfunction is the result of multiple pathways, multi-factorial regulation, and in the present study, we reported for the first time that ox-LDL regulates the basement membrane protein VN through the integrin αvβ5 pathway under high gluco

• In addition to acting as

  2022-06-23

  

  In addition to acting as the gatekeeper for the metabolic and antioxidant roles of glucose, HKs have also been found to regulate mPTP opening directly. First described in the cancer field, the high-affinity HK isoforms HK1 and HK2 are strongly anti-apoptotic when bound to the outer mitochondrial mem

• Intracellular signaling pathways leading to IR injury are in

  2022-06-23

  

  Intracellular signaling pathways leading to IR injury are initiated by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). This occurs principally at the time of initiation of reperfusion, which is accompanied by the re-admission of oxygen to the ischemic tissue. The resulting cascade of downstream events

• Importantly recent in vivo results demonstrated that combini

  2022-06-23

  

  Importantly, recent in vivo results demonstrated that combining an HDACi and a IKK inhibitor significantly reduced ovarian tumor growth compared with either inhibitor alone [26]. The slowest tumor growth in the HDACi/IKK inhibition combination group was associated with the lowest CXCL8 tumor and pla

• Aurora kinase B AURKB and haploid cell specific protein

  2022-06-23

  

  Aurora kinase B (AURKB) and haploid cell-specific protein kinase (Haspin) are two well-known participants in N-terminal histone H3 phosphorylations during mitosis. A related role played by these kinases relates to the fact that AURKB is activated by Haspin promoted phosphorylation at T3. Irrespectiv

• These agents can be divided into three categories based

  2022-06-23

  

  These agents can be divided into three categories based upon the therapeutic agent conjugated to the antibody; the most frequently explored are ADCs using a cytotoxic agent to be delivered directly to the tumor site. The second class has not been broadly used and consists of radionucleotides (Wong e

• br Cellular directionality To obtain a

  2022-06-23

  

  Cellular directionality To obtain a comprehensive understanding of cell migration, it is essential to understand how cues from the cell’s external environment are relayed to the 7α,25-dihydroxy Cholesterol australia cytoskeleton, so the cell can migrate towards the cue; a process herein referred

• Bupivacaine is one of the local anesthetics commonly used in

  2022-06-23

  

  Bupivacaine is one of the local anesthetics commonly used in spinal anesthesia. Previous studies had shown that bupivacaine induced neuronal apoptosis and axon degeneration among various neuronal populations in spinal cord, such as sciatic nerves and dorsal root CGS 21680 (DRG) neurons [5], [6], [7

• Lactate induced GPR activation was confirmed with a fluorime

  2022-06-23

  

  Lactate-induced GPR81 activation was confirmed with a fluorimetric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assay, in which lactate induced a [Ca2+] flux in CHO cells stably expressing Gqi5 and HA-GPR81 but not vector control (Fig. 1C). The EC50 of lactate in the FLIPR assay was 4.3±0.73mM, a value well within

• br Conflict of interest statement br Acknowledgments The

  2022-06-23

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Dr. Linda Console-Bram for her editing of this review, Valentina Lucchesi for help with the figures, and acknowledge funding from NIH/NIDA (DA023204). GPR35 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicat

• br Materials and methods br Results and discussion br Confli

  2022-06-23

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion Conflict of interest Introduction In the presence of continuous and excessive levels of nutrients, adipocytes become hypertrophic and release several pro-inflammatory adipocytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protei

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