• The putative residue apelin proprotein proapelin or apelin i

  2023-02-06

  

  The putative 55-residue apelin proprotein (proapelin or apelin-55) is processed from a 77-residue preproprotein through removal of a 22-residue signal peptide (Table 1). Apelin-55 is further processed into bioactive isoforms of 36, 17, or 13 residues, likely through protease-mediated mechanisms. To

• br Antioxidant polymers conjugates Natural antioxidants are

  2023-02-06

  

  Antioxidant-polymers conjugates Natural antioxidants are usually used as a substitute for synthetics but some degradation phenomena could influence their applications. For example, ascorbic fibronectin definition sale as a natural antioxidant undergoes yellowish coloration as a result of oxidati

• The regulation of gene expression

  2023-02-06

  

  The regulation of gene expression by glucocorticoids can be mediated either by the canonical mechanism that involves the interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a transcription factor activated by the hormone, with glucocorticoid response element (Ye et al., 2007), or by the non-canonical m

• br Angiogenesis as a critical event in diabetic

  2023-02-06

  

  Angiogenesis as a critical event in diabetic retinopathy Angiogenesis refers to the abnormal proliferation of blood vessels during various pathological conditions. It acquires the stature of being one of the most detrimental events responsible for the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Angiogen

• Therefore VEGF and its receptors are

  2023-02-06

  

  Therefore, VEGF and its receptors are expressed in different organs, including the kidneys, the liver and the gli1 [55]. In the human placenta, VEGF is mainly synthesized by cytotrophoblast and Hofbauer cells early in the first trimester, whereas Flk-1 and Flt-1 receptors are expressed throughout t

• The RAS may have different functions depending on

  2023-02-06

  

  The RAS may have different functions depending on whether we consider the circulatory component or the different local tissue systems (including brain) well described previously [29]. The cardiovascular control and hydroelectrolytic balance (among other functions), are largely the result of the infl

• This development notwithstanding the chemotherapeutic treatm

  2023-02-06

  

  This development notwithstanding, the chemotherapeutic treatment for leukemia has stagnated over the last 40 years [35]. Main treatment options necessitate aggressive chemotherapy to target leukemic cells [36], [37], [38], [39]. Several limitations of current treatment options include the use of ant

• With regard to participation of the S lipoxygenase in diabet

  2023-02-06

  

  With regard to participation of the 12S-lipoxygenase in diabetes mellitus, inconsistent results have been obtained. Earlier studies demonstrated that the leukocyte-type 12S-lipoxygenase is specifically expressed in pancreatic b-cells and is involved in regulating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion

• br Introduction Alzheimer s disease

  2023-02-06

  

  Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia. It is characterized by progressive and irreversible damage to different 2478 areas, resulting in cognitive impairment and behavioral changes (O'Neill, 2013, De Strooper and Karran, 2016, Alzhe

• br Materials and methods br

  2023-02-06

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Conclusions These studies provide important mechanistic insights to explain the long-established physiological observation that obese adipose tissue has higher rates of basal lipolysis. Increased lipolysis contributes to increased hepatic RITA rec

• br Materials and methods All animal experiments

  2023-02-02

  

  Materials and methods All animal experiments were performed using the recommendations of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Research Council, 2011) and approved by the University of Colorado—Denver Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Adult male Sprague—Dawley

• The analysis of the profile of protein phosphorylation in MM

  2023-02-01

  

  The analysis of the profile of protein phosphorylation in MMS-treated IL-4, murine recombinant confirmed that both the ATM and ATR pathways were activated in S-phase blocked cells. Interestingly, phosphorylation of Chk1 was observed 24h after MMS-treatment both in AT- and ATM-inhibited cells, whilst

• Since immunoassays cannot specifically quantify each apelin

  2023-02-01

  

  Since immunoassays cannot specifically quantify each apelin peptide, a more reliable approach, mass spectrometry (MS) has been used recently to quantify and characterize apelin fragments in plasma. Using this technology, Zhen et al. showed that [Pyr-1]-apelin-13 was the major apelin form present in

• In hypothalamus as indicated in Fig column A

  2023-02-01

  

  In hypothalamus, as indicated in Fig. 2 (column A) and following the enzymatic cascade represented in Fig. 1, we could hypothesize a predominance of Ang 2–10 and Ang III formation in SHR compared to WKY. This is in agreement with previous results that reported significant higher rate of Ang 2–10 for

• br Introduction The structural similarities between puromyci

  2023-02-01

  

  Introduction The structural similarities between puromycin (1, Fig. 1) and the aminoacyl adenyl terminal of aminoacyl–tRNA allow it to terminate the protein synthesis process by causing premature release of a polypeptide from the ribosome [1], [2]. Tremendous progress in the study of puromycin an

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